In lt pem fuel cells platinum used as a catalyst for the splitting of gases is very costly and it is very sensitive to co poisoning. The main objective of this paper is to study the performance of pem fuel cell with variation in temperature of fuel. Pem fuel cells use a solid polymer as an electrolyte and porous carbon electrodes containing a platinum or platinum alloy catalyst. Membrane electrode assembly mea development, stack development and systems development. High temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.
Excessive temperatures dehydrate the membrane and increase the internal losses of the system. Jul 20, 2010 conclusions we are halfway to tackle both the cost and durability challenges for fuel cells to be commercially competitive and the trend is faster than ever ht pem fuel cells are very promising but material degradation remains the main issue. Fuel processors for desulfurization of logistic fuel. High temperature pem fuel cells ht pemfcs offer tremendous flexibility when used as energy converters in stationary as well as mobile power devices. The first references to hydrogen fuel cells appeared in 1838. In a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, a control system is needed to ensure that all variables remain in secure limits ovoiding breakdowns. Shuang wang, chengji zhao, wenjia ma, gang zhang, zhongguo liu, jing ni, mingyu li, na zhang, hui na. A total cost of ownership model for high temperature pem fuel. Dynamic modeling and experimental investigation of a high.
Technology high temperature pem advent technologies. Electrocatalytic investigation of high temperature pem fuel cells. High temperature pem fuel cell steadystate transport modeling. Processors improving the desulfurization of logistic fuels and fuel processors designed for use on desulfurized logistic and alternate fuels are a big step towards the acceptance of fuel cells for dod applications. Direct dimethyl ether high temperature pem fuel cells anton vassiliev jens oluf jensen, qingfeng li, niels j. High temperature pem fuel cells materials and fundamentals stylianos g. Due to the high operating temperature, usually, a prox reactor after the reformer is not needed. In the typical operating range for high temperature pem fuel cells 160 c, the fuel cell voltage degradation rate was 4. Saxs analysis of catalyst degradation in high temperature.
Current and temperature distributions in a pem fuel cell by. Each system is configured for operation in combined heat and power chp. Current and temperature distributions in a pem fuel cell. In addition to low temperature pem fuel cells show a short startup time, fast transient response, high e ciency and high energy density. A set of basic parameters for any polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell pemfc includes the tafel slope b and the exchange current density j of the cathode catalyst, the oxygen diffusion coefficient d b in the cathode gas. Chiang and chu 5 investigated the effects of transport components on the transport phenomena and performance of pem fuel cells by using a three. Direct dimethyl ether high temperature pem fuel cells.
We use cookies to help understand how people use our website. Index terms regenerative fuel cell, application of the pem regenerative fuel cell, temperature, water management, supply voltage, temperature vs. Polymer membranes for high temperature proton exchange. Thermal engineering of polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells is an operational requirement for optimum power generation. High temperature pem fuel cells have demonstrated tolerance of. Therefore, high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells are being installed around the world and policies encouraging its utilisation are being promoted. Various system topologies are available when it comes to designing high temperature pem fuel cell systems. By using our site, you agree to our use of cookies. Operating pem fuel cells on higher temperatures opportunities and challenges dr. This high temperature will cause heat and energy loss if the heat is not removed and used properly. Pdf this paper provides information encompassing the recent discovery of the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell htpemfc focusing.
Introduction never before in peacetime have we faced such serious. A turning point for hightemperature pem fuel cells. The sulfonation time was 10 h, for the powder sio 2. Neophytides institute of chemical engineering and high temperature processes joint european summer school for fuel cell and hydrogen technology 22nd august 2nd september 2011 viterbo, italy outline fuel cell fundamentals fuel cell types low temperature pem fuel cells. High temperature, low relative humidity pem fuel cell membranes bindu r. Ltpemfc low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell pafc phosphoric acid fuel cell 100 0 afc alkaline fuel cell 50 150 180 c 60 c application in automobile 80 c htpemfc high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 160 c innovative approaches for proton exchange membranes the volkswagen high temperature mea.
In this part the objectives of the current work are also described. Thermal management of fuel celldriven vehicles using ht. Mcgrath materials research institute and department of chemistry virginia tech. Pdf hydrogen crossover in high temperature pem fuel cells. Pdf high temperature pem fuel cells zhongsheng liu. Furthermore, the only byproduct of this process is water, so fuel cells have little to no environmental impact.
Polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells have become a research interest in the past few decades as an alternative source of energy because they are a more efficient and clean means of energy generation than the conventional burning of fossil fuels. Jan, 2009 low temperature fuel cells could be used to provide power for vehicles, portable devices and small stationary power in a way that is less damaging to the environment than current powering methods. Advent technologies is involved in the design, development and production of polymers, membranes and membrane electrode assemblies meas for ht pem. This volume, recent advances in high temperature pem fuel cells, provides an uptodate progress of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells htpemfcs, including three critical subjects for this type of fuel cells. In book of abstracts 3rd carisma international conference on medium and high temperature pem fuel cells. Performance and degradation tests on high temperature proton. A mathematical model for a system consisting of a fuel processor steam reforming reactor and watergas shift reactor, a ht pem fuel cell stack, and the balanceofplant components was developed. Currently, high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells htpemfc offer several advantages, such as high proton conductivity, low permeability to fuel, low electroosmotic drag coefficient, good chemicalthermal stability, good mechanical.
Two dimensional modeling of a high temperature pem fuel cell. In particular, proton exchange membrane pem fuel cells have received broad attentions due to their low operation temperature, low emission and quick startup. Protonexchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells pemfc, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuelcell applications and portable fuelcell applications. Very simple system designs are possible using pure hydrogen, and more complex system designs present themselves when alternative fuels are desired, using reformer systems. Highperformance, matching, pem fuel cell components and. Pem meas have been subjected to accelerated ageing tests based on load cycling. High temperature polymers for proton exchange membrane.
The need for thermally stable polymers immediately suggests the possibility of heterocyclic polymers bearing appropriate ion conducting sites. Pdf in this paper, hydrogen crossover was measured in an environment of high temperature proton exchange membrane pem fuel cells using a. Pemeas fuel cell technologies, etek division also supplies commercial gas diffusion electrodes for high temperature pem fuel cells. Development of high temperature membranes and improved.
Bjerrum proton conductors, department of energy conversion and storage. Hightemperature pem fuel cell catalysts and catalyst layers. High temperature pem fuel cells and organic fuels dtu orbit. In this paper, hydrogen crossover was measured in an environment of high temperature proton exchange membrane pem fuel cells using a steadystate electrochemical method at various temperatures. The fuel cells that operate at higher temperatures require different materials. A total cost of ownership model for hightemperature pem fuel cells in combined heat and power applications.
Show full abstract high temperature pem fuel cells 160 c, the fuel cell voltage degradation rate was 4. Hightemperature pem fuel cell catalysts and catalyst. Composite membranes for high temperature pem fuel cells and electrolysers. The optimum temperature is the maximum temperature in which the fuel cell can operate. Protonexchange membrane fuel cells pemfcs are considered to be a promising technology for efficient power generation in the 21st century. Recent advances in hightemperature pem fuel cells 1st edition. High cell voltage high temperature low relative humidity relative humidity. Preparation and properties of epoxycrosslinked porous polybenzimidazole for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. This model example investigates the transport of reactants and water in a high temperature pemfc. Temperature profiles of an aircooled pem fuel cell stack. Temperature, water and voltage management on a pem. Chapter 1 gives an introduction to fuel cells fundamentals, classification and hydrogen generation methods that exist currently on the market.
This paper presents a research activity related to high temperature polymer electrode membrane fuel cell ht. Electrocatalytic investigation of high temperature pem fuel cells a dissertation by alin orfanidi for the award of the degree of doctor of philosophy. Combined heat and power using high temperature proton exchange. Hugues van honacker unit energy production and distribution systems dg research rtdj2. Novel proton exchange membranes pems were investigated that show potential for operating at higher temperatures in both direct methanol dmfc and h2air pem fuel cells. Khokhlova amoscow state university, faculty of physics, 119991 moscow, russian federation binstitute for energy research d fuel cells ief3 research centre ju. Extraction of the energy proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The fuel cell manufacturer, serenergy, suggest using. Commercialization of pem fuel cell technologies depends on. High temperature pem in general high temperature protonexchangemembrane htpem is the core of the fuel cells running above 150 c. Nair foster miller inc may 25, 2004 this presentation does not contain any proprietary or confidential information. In the last two years the development has been focused towards optimising the key elements of the rfcs. Pdf in this paper, hydrogen crossover was measured in an environment of hightemperature proton exchange membrane pem fuel cells using a.
High temperature pem fuel cell systems, control and diagnostics. Composite membranes for high temperature pem fuel cells and. High temperature fuel cells in the european union 2004 high temperature working group meeting philadelphia, 26 may 2004 mr. High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems are. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells pemfc jens oluf jensen summer school on materials for the hydrogen society, reykjavik, june 19. Electrochemical impedance ei plays a very important role on the characteristics of proton exchange membrane pem fuel cell. Fuel cells are similar to batteries in that they both. As in classical pem fuel cells technology, hydrogen is electrochemically split to proton and electron on anode. Pemfcs are the preferred fuel cells for a variety of applications such as automobiles, cogeneration of heat and power units, emergency power and portable electronics. In terms of the disadvantages of pem fuel cells are the still existing dura. In particular, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells pemfcs are becoming industry leaders for hydrogendriven fuel cell electrical vehicles. The power produced by a fuel cell depends on several factors, including the fuel cell type, size, temperature at which it operates, and pressure at which gases are supplied. The ht pem fuel cell can tolerate up to 3% 30,000 ppm co and up to 20 ppm of sulfur without permanent degradation.
In this work, the cell performance and transport characteristics of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells with metal foams as flow distributor were numerically investigated by a. Polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells also called proton exchange membrane fuel cells deliver high power density and offer the advantages of low weight and volume compared with other fuel cells. The fuel cell is based on a high temperature pem stack and generates a rated net power of 6 kw on pure hydrogen. Experience in stack development for high temperature pem fuel. The aim of the study is to investigate catalyst degradation of membrane electrode assemblies meas subjected to load cycles. Fuel cell systems employ an entirely different approach to the production of electricity than traditional combustion based prime mover technologies. Home fuel cells types of fuel cells fuel cells are classified primarily by the kind of electrolyte they employ. Carbon materials for high temperature pem fuel cells high temperature pem fuel cell technology is currently the best option for achieving near emissionfree power for both stationary and automotive needs.
Manufacturing cost and installed price analysis of stationary fuel cell systems 30 september 2015 by. High temperature pem fuel cells based on nafion sio. Conclusions we are halfway to tackle both the cost and durability challenges for fuel cells to be commercially competitive and the trend is faster than ever ht pem fuel cells are very promising but material degradation remains the main issue. Recent studies have invented a proton conductive polymer for the usage of htpem fuel cells. The fuel cell can be cooled with a radiator or a liquidliquid heat exchanger, as shown in figure 16. The first order analysis involves the monitoring of stack temperatures and acts as an input for process control. High temperature, low relative humidity pem fuel cell. Effects of temperature on the impedance of pem fuel cell. The current status on the understanding of the various operational aspects of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells ht. This paper analyzes the effects of methanol and water vapor on the performance of a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell htpemfc at. Design and development of higher temperature membranes for pem fuel cells by tony m. High temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells performance and degradation.
This type of fuel cell operates at relatively low temperatures 60oc80oc, which greatly reduces the cost of materials. This study focuses on performance analysis of a 1 microcogeneration system based on a high temperature proton exchange membrane ht pem fuel cell by means of parametric investigation. A simple model of a high temperature pem fuel cell o. High temperature pem fuel cell systems, control and. Chapter 2 outlines the working principle of a high temperature pem fuel cell used in the present.
This classification determines the kind of electrochemical reactions that take place in the cell, the kind of catalysts required, the temperature range in which the cell operates, the fuel required, and other factors. High temperature pem fuel cells direct methanol fuel cells. The operation of polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells at temperatures above 150c offers very significant advantages compared to the conventional pem fuel cells which are listed below. Pdf high temperature pem fuel cell stacks with advent. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells pemfcs, including direct methanol fuel cells dmfcs, are considered one of the most promising types of energy converting devices due to their lowzero pollution emission, high power density, and high energy conversion efficiency. Advent technologies is involved in the design, development and production of polymers, membranes and membrane electrode assemblies meas for ht pem fuel cells. Their distinguishing features include lower temperaturepressure ranges 50 to. Proton is transported through membrane to cathode while electricity is yielded in external circuit. The model includes mass and momentum transport phenomena in the flow channels, gas diffusion layers gdls, and porous electrodes, as well as electrochemical currents in the gdls, the porous electrodes, and the polymer membrane. Development of nanocomposite polymer electrolyte membranes for higher temperature pem fuel cells by nikhil h. Purchase recent advances in hightemperature pem fuel cells 1st edition. Peter beckhaus division fuel cells and systems telefon. Max wei, timothy lipman 1, ahmad mayyas1, shuk han chan2, david. Recent advances in hightemperature pem fuel cells 1st.
Hydrogen, fuel cells, and infrastructure technologies fy 2003 progress report 1 high performance, matching, pem fuel cell components and integrated pilot manufacturing processes mark k. Mass transport analysis of a high temperature pem fuel cell. In comparison, an lt pem low temperature fuel cell normally tolerates less than 30 ppm co and less than 1 ppm of sulfur. The operation temperature of pem fuel cells has a strong e ect on the water content in the ionomer of the membrane and catalyst layers.
In a previous blog post, we described bipolar plates and the associated materials for low temperature fuel cells. The proton exchange membrane and the ionomer in the porous catalyst layers of this type of fuel cell require the presence of a certain quantity of water in order to guarantee good protonic conductivity. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are getting great attention as energy source due to its high efficiency, low emission and high power density. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel often. Manufacturing cost and installed price analysis of. Design and development of higher temperature membranes for. In this article, a control technique for pem fuel cells based on the optimum temperature is proposed.
In this paper, the effects of the cell temperature and the humidification temperature on the electrochemical impedance are analyzed by the equivalent circuit. Parametric analysis of a high temperature pem fuel cell. Performance and endurance of a high temperature pem fuel cell. Pdf high temperature pem fuel cell stacks with advent tps meas. Polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells and electrolysers offer efficient use and production of hydrogen for emissionfree transport and sustainable energy systems. As it can be seen, this model includes a section of the pbi membrane, both cathode and anode gas flow channels, gdls, and catalyst layers. They are ideally suited for transportation, small stationary and portable power applications. Protonexchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells pemfc, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuel cell applications and portable fuel cell applications. Research advances of high temperature pem fuel cells htpemfcs are occurring at a rapid pace and on many disciplinary fronts. These gdes may be operated at temperatures above 95 c. Composite membranes for high temperature pem fuel cells.
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